Passenger rail in Europe has seen limited growth in modal share over the past decade, with very few exceptions, and demand was put under further pressure during the COVID-19 crisis. But there is increasing investment in rail as a sustainable option. The EU has made funding available to support rail infrastructure projects, and countries have committed to projects that will improve and increase passenger rail services to relieve road traffic congestion, reduce emissions, and improve the sector’s digital connectivity.
To ensure this commitment is effective, rail companies and governments may wish to make strategic decisions around where and how to invest, and focus spending on projects that support their desired outcomes. For…